TIMELINE 1910-1920

TIMELINE 1910-1920
Copyright 1996,1997,1998 by Magic Dragon Multimedia.

All rights reserved Worldwide.  May not be reproduced without permission.  

May be posted electronically provided that it is transmitted unaltered, in its
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Most recently updated: 10 October 1998

What happened in the world of Science Fiction between 1910 and 1920?
There are 3 hotlinks here to authors, magazines, films, 
or television items elsewhere in the Ultimate Science Fiction Web Guide or 
beyond.

Executive Summary of the Decade
Key Dates, Books and Stories of this Decade
Major Films of this Decade
Major Writers Born this Decade {to be done}
Major Writers Died this Decade
Hotlinks to other Timeline pages of SF Chronology
Where to Go for More: 51 Useful Reference Books

Executive Summary of the Decade
This started as a wildly optimistic decade, with visions of technological 
wonders that would make human life ever more wonderful.  Horribly, after
the Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated (1914) in the Balkans, the 
world was plunged into the "War to End All Wars", with technology playing 
a deadly role, with high explosives, hardened steel tanks rolling over 
soldiers, poison gas (1915) attacking the lungs of combatants whose lives were 
changed.  One such chlorine-gassed soldier was young Adolf Hitler, but 
that's another story.  Germany floats the first Zeppelins into the air.

Techno-enthusiasts such as Hugo Gernsback spread the message of engineering 
and science, and hobbyists built and tinkered with radios as avidly as 
they would with personal computers six decades later, and the magazine was 
the medium for spreading that message.  The line between fantasy and 
science fiction was blurred indeed; the term "science fiction" 
not having yet been invented.

The major genre book and magazine writers included:
Mihaly Babits, Sir James Matthew Barrie, J. D. Beresford, Algernon Blackwood, 
Edgar Rice Burroughs, James Branch Cabell, Ray Cummings, Arthur Conan Doyle, 
George Allen England, J. U. Giesy, H. Rider Haggard, Lafcadio Hearne, 
William Hope Hodgson, Franz Kafka, Frigyes Karinthy, Murray Leinster, 
David Lindsay, Jack London, H. P. Lovecraft, Arthur Machen, Abraham Merritt, 
Victor Rousseau, Garrett P. Serviss, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, H. G. Wells, 
and Yevgeny Zamiatin.  

Yet this is our after-the-fact compilation; it is 
overwhelmingly likely that not any single person in the decade 1910-1920 read 
more than 20 of these 26 writers, due to differences of language, the gap 
between "high" and "low" culture, and the lack of publishers' 
differentiation of this genre from the mainstream of fiction.

How many readers could have believed that the fiction of Konstantin 
Tsiolkovsky, an obscure Russian schoolteacher, would someday be collected 
by people who travelled into in space and called Tsiolkovsky the "father of 
spaceflight?"  Or that, in another part of Russia, Yevgeny Zamiatin's was 
penning the novel "We", which projected the oppression of Communism to a 
level worse than the USSR would experience before its breakup half a 
century later...

How many readers of the 1912 issues of "The All-Story Magazine" would 
imagine that the new hero "Tarzan" would take his place beside Sherlock 
Holmes as a universally known and endlessly portrayed character beyond all 
bounds of literature as such?

Who knew that the obscure Franz Kafka would someday be so well known that 
the adjective "kafkaesque" would be used by people who never read one of 
his stories?

The esoteric scribbler H. P. Lovecraft, known to a handful of obsessive 
fans, would hardly have seemed the sort of man to launch an entire 
"school" of writers, whose influence would persist into the next century 
and beyond?

The first flickering, silent, black and white science fiction, fantasy, and 
horror movies were still a novelty, but became more and more sophisticated 
both as works of art and as a medium of mass communication.

Science projected the world to last for millions of years, but whether 
that future would be glorious or monstrous could not be determined.   
Still, the writers wrote, the artists illustrated, the actors trod the 
stage, and the audience grew and grew until they changed the world to 
better fit their imaginations.

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Important Dates
1911     Camille Flammarion, astronomer, "La Fin du Monde" (1911) explores the 
          death of our world circa 10,000,000 A.D.

1911     Garrett P. Serviss' "The Second Deluge" in "Cavalier" retells the 
Noah story, but with a flood from outer space

1911     Hugo Gernsback starts his 12-part serial "Ralph 124C41+: A Romance 
of the Year 2660" in his own magazine, "Modern Electrics."  Terrible from a 
literary perspective, it was enormously influential for its panoply of 
technological speculations which later came true: fluorescent lights, 
microfilm, radar, tape recorders, and television (he claims to have 
invented the very name)

1911     J. D. Beresford's novel "The Hampdenshire Wonder"

1911     F. W. Mader's novel "Wunderwelten" [Worlds of Wonder,
published in English translation as "Distant Worlds"] features the first
fictional faster-than-light spaceship trip to the Alpha centauri star system

1912     William Hope Hodgson's bleak science-fantasy-horror novel "The 
Night Land", about a distant future of mutants and monsters constantly 
attacking the last humans who are holed up in "The Last Redoubt" -- a 
pyramid seven miles tall

Feb 1912     Normal Bean [mis-corrected to "Norman Bean] story "Under the 
Moons of Mars" in "All-Story Magazine."  He was really Edgar Rice 
Burroughs (1875-1950), and the story of John Carter and Dejah Thoris, 
Princess of Helium, later appeared as the book "A Princess of Mars."

1912     Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Lost World" published in "The 
Strand" -- the first of the Dinosaurs Still Alive fictions that made 
"Jurassic Park" possible.

1912     Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel "Tarzan of the Apes" appears in "The All-Story 
Magazine", launching the greatest pulp-novel series of all time

1912     Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel "Under the Moons of Mars"

1912     George Allen England's "Darkness and Dawn" begins as a serial in "Cavalier"

1913     George Allen England's "Beyond the Great Oblivion" and "The 
Afterglow" begin as serials in "Cavalier"

1913     Edgar Rice Burroughs' "The Gods of Mars" published by "All-Story Magazine" 
as the sequel to "A Princess of Mars."

1913     First appearance of James Branch Cabell's fantasy world Poictesme

1913     Hugo Gernsback changes the name of his magazine from "Modern 
Electrics" to "The Electrical Experimenter"

1913     "The Lodger" by Belloc Lowndes is one of the best and earliest 
fictions about Jack the Ripper

1913     Bernhard Kellerman's novel "Der Tunnel" introduces the fiction of 
a Trans-Atlantic tunnel

1913     M. P. Shiel's novel "The Yellow Peril" is the best-remembered 
racist novel of its day, and the title became widely known

1914     Edgar Rice Burroughs' "At the Earth's Core" published by "All-Story 
Magazine", launching the Pellucidar series

1914     H. G. Wells' novel "The World Set Free" foretells an atomic bomb

1914     J. D. Beresford's novel "Goslings"

1914     "Cavalier" merged into "All-Story Magazine" under Robert H. Davis.

1914     Igor Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring" musically depicts a girl 
dancing herself to death in a pagan ritual

1914     H. H. Munro's novel "When William Came" published under pseudonym "Saki"

1914     anonymous novel "Malice in Kulturland" spoofs Lewis Carol while 
proclaiming sentiments against Germany

1914     Arthur Machen's story "The Bowmen" [London Evening News] has the 
tide of World War I turned by archers resurrected from the Battle of 
Agincourt, or maybe appearing as ghosts (later rewritten as angels)

1914     Arthur Conan Doyle's novel "The Poison Belt"

1914     George Allen England's novel "Darkness and Dawn" published as book

1915     Guy Thorne's novel "The Cruiser on Wheels" predicts armored tanks 
in World War I, a couple of years before relaity caught up with fiction

1915     Charles B. Stilson's "Polaris of the Snows" in "All-Story 
Magazine", a speculative Antarctica story, and sequel "Minos of Sardanes"

1915     Jack London's novel "The Star Rover"

1915     Charlotte Perkins Gilman's feminist "Herland"

1915     Street & Smith launch "Detective Story Magazine"

1915     Archibald Marshall's novel "Upsidonia"

1915     Hugo Gernsback starts his series of science-based comic stories 
"The Scientific Adventures of Baron Munchhausen" in "The Electrical Experimenter"

1915     Edgar Rice Burroughs' "Pellucidar", sequel to "At the Earth's Core",
continuing the Pellucidar series

1915     Edgar Wallace's novel "1925: The Story of a Fatal Peace"

1915     The United States is now destined to be drawn into the war, 
despite considerable isolationist feelings, after the sinking of the 
Lusitania

1915     Albert Einstein publishes the General Theory of Relativity, which 
later hints at methods of time-travel and gravity control.

1916     Franz Kafka's most famous short story, Metamorphosis", about a 
man who awakens to find himself transformed into a beetle

1916     Hungarian author Mihaly Babits publishes the fantasy novel "The 
Nightmare" based upon the notion of split personality

1916     Gustav Meyrink's Austrian novel "Das grune Gesicht" [The Green Face]

1916     The magazine "Hugin" is first published in Sweden (editor Otto Witt),
arguably the first science fiction magazine

1917     Charles B. Stilson's "Polaris of the Snows" trilogy ends with 
"Polaris and the Goddess Glorian" in "All-Story Magazine"

1917     Abraham Merritt's "Through the Dragon Glass" in "All-Story Magazine"

1917     Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy's satirical novels "Capilarie" 
and "Faremido" appear as sequels to Jonathan Swifts's "Gulliver's Travels", 
and adding a society based on automation and robots

1917     T. S. Eliot's poetry "Prufrock and Other Observations" kicks 
literature towards modernism

1917     Victor Rousseau's novel "The Messiah of the Cylinder" is an 
end-of-the Earth dystopia through the viewpoint an awakening man from the 
present in a Socialist future.  Widely viewed as a dark parody of H. G. Wells' 
"When the Sleeper Wakes."

1917     Sir James Matthew Barrie (Peter Pan) "Dear Brutus", a fantasy 
about an enchanted forest where unhappy characters are given their chances 
to live their lives over, but they never do better on the second try.  A 
fantasy stab at the essence of time travel.

1917     The United States of America joins World War I

1917     The Russian Revolution

1917     Edgar Rice Burroughs' "A Princess of Mars"

1918     Abraham Merritt's "The People of the Pit" in "All-Story Magazine"

1918     Abraham Merritt's Novel "The Moon Pool"

1918     Gregory Owen's novel "Meccania"

1918     Rose Macaulay's novel "What Not"

1918     Oliver Onion's nopvel "The New Moon"

1918     J. U. Giesy launches astral-projection interstellar trilogy "Palos 
of the Dog Star Pack"

1918     Women in Great Britain win the right to vote

June 1919     Abraham Merritt's "The Moon Pool" in "All-Story Magazine", 
featuring a spacewarp-to-another-world and "The Shing One" -- an alien 
robot constructed of pure energy

1919      H. P. Lovecraft's "Dagon" about monsters from a monumental gargoyle 
on a newly emerged desert island, in the obscure magazine "The Vagrant", 
so that the story was virtually unread until its 1923 reprint in "Weird 
Tales"

1919     Second appearance of James Branch Cabell's fantasy world 
Poictesme, in his popular and controversial novel "Jurgen"

1919     Murray Leinster's "The Runaway Skyscraper" in "All-Story 
Magazine", a groundbreaking time-travel adventure

1919     Ray Cummings starts lengthy career with "The Girl in the Golden Atom"

1919     H. Rider Haggard's novel "When the World Shook"

1919     Hugo Gernsback launches "Radio News" magazine, and renames "The Electrical 
Experimenter" as "Science and Inventions."  This magazine had wonderful 
cover art by Howard V. Brown, and later by Frank R. Paul, arguably the 
Dean of Science Fiction Artists.

1919     Milo Hastings' story "Children of 'Kultur'" in "True Story" 
magazine (editor Bernarr Macfadden, under whom Your Humble Webmaster's 
father later worked).  The story was later revised and retitled "City of 
Endless Night" and some say this was the orginal inspiration for Fritz Lang's 
"Metropolis"

1919     Adolf Hitler, quite obscure, becomes a government spy planted in 
the German Worker's Party

1919     Ernest Rutherford discovers the atomic nucleus

1920     Abraham Merritt's "The Metal Monster" in "All-Story Magazine" neatly 
combines science fiction and horror

1920     Yevgeny Zamiatin's novel "We"

1920     David Lindsay's novel "A Voyage to Arcturus"

1920     Edward Sjanks' novel "The People of the Ruins"

1920     Karel Capek's "R.U.R." brings the word "robot" into the world

1920     Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's novel "Beyond the Planet Earth"

LOTS AND LOTS OF MATERIAL TO ADD HERE {to be done}

L. Frank Baum...

Algernon Blackwood (1869-1951), master of the supernatural ...

Robert W. Chambers...

Lafcadio Hearne...

Arthur Machen...

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Science Fiction Films
1910     A Trip to Mars  {no known hotlink}
1910     Frankenstein (the first version, not the beloved classic) directed 
              by J. Searle Dawley, with the involvement of Thomas Edison
     Frankenstein (1910)
1911     The Pirates of 1920 [British] {no known hotlinks}
1913     A Message from Mars based on the play by Robert Ganthony
1914     Der Golem [German] Paul Wegener directed,
              Heinrich Galeen starred
1914     An Englishman's Home [British] future war scenario
1914     If England Were Invaded [British] future war scenario
1914     The Exploits of Elaine (the first of a series with Pearl White and 
              Arnold Day as scientific detectives with far-out gadgets)
1916     Homunculus [German] the most popular serial in Germany, throughout 
              World War I, influenced clothing styles, 6 chapters of 
              1-hour, actually totalled 401 minutes, Otto Rippert directed.
              Starred Friedrich Kuehne as the scientist and Olaf Foenss as 
              the "perfect creature" he created, but which discovers it 
              has no soul, seeks revenge by tyrannizing humanity, and is 
              finally killed by a lightning bolt.  One of Otto Rippert's
              assistants was Fritz Lang, educated as an architect, who 
              soon made his own mark on Science Fiction film history.
1916     20,000 Leagues Under the Sea [Universal Studios]
              Stuart Paton directed his screen adaptation of the Jules Verne 
              novel, starring Lois Alexander, Wallis Clark, Alan Holubar 
              as Captain Nemo, Dan Hamlon as Professor Aronnax.  There was 
              a 1954 remake and a visually impressive 1997 TV remake.
              This 1916 masterpiece included remarkable underwater footage 
              filmed in a vast watertank in a Nassau studio, not surpassed 
              until the same technical team filmed the 1929 MGM "The 
              Mysterious Island."
     20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1916)
1917     Himmelskibet ("Heaven Ship" or "The Airship" )[Denmark]
              Proto-Space-Opera with the daughter of the High Priest of 
              Mars ending a planetary war
1918     Tarzan of the Apes
              Elmo Lincoln was the first screen Tarzan (along with his 
              stunt double Frank Merrill), with Enid Markay as jane, as 
              directed by Scott Sidney from the Fred Miller & Lois Weber 
              adaptation of the Edgar Rice Burroughs series
     Tarzan of the Apes (1918)
1918     Alarune {German] Horror, Eugen Illes
1919     The First Men in the Moon {no known hotlink}
1919     The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari [German] Albert Wiene
1919     Die Spinnen [The Spiders] directed by Fritz Lang, who had been
              Otto Rippert's assistant on "Homunculus" (1914).  This 
              2-part fantasy adventure was arguably the best of its genre 
              until Steven Spielberg's "Raiders of the Lost Ark" (1981).
1920     Der Golem [German] Paul Wegener and Carl Boese, great sets, 
              remake of 1914 film

Return to Top of TIMELINE 1920s page

Major Writers Born this Decade
 {much more to be done}
1910     Fritz Leiber
1911     Otto Binder (26 Aug 1911)
1911     Anthony Boucher (21 Aug 1911)
1911     William Crawford (10 Sep 1911)
1911     Jack Finney
1911     Gardner Fox
1911     Gerald Kersh (6 Aug 1911)
1911     C. L. Moore
1911     Mervyn Peake
1912     Alice Mary Norton (wrote as Andre Norton and Andrew North)
1912     A. E. Van Vogt
1913     Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger (wrote as Cordwainer Smith)
1914     Edd Cartier (1 Aug 1914) Artist
1914     R. A. Lafferty
1915     Henry Kuttner
1915     Arthur Porges (20 Aug 1915)
1915     Alice Sheldon (wrote as James Tiptree, Jr.)
1915     T. L. Sherred (27 Aug 1915)
1915     Leonard Wibberly
1915     Bernard Wolfe (28 Sep 1915)
1916     Cy Condra (30 Sep 1916)
1916     Roald Dahl (13 Sep 1916)
1916     Robert A. W. Lowndes (4 Sep 1916-14 July 1998)
1916     Mary Stewart
1916     Jack Vance (28 Aug 1916)
1917     Robert Bloch 
1917     Arthur C. Clarke
1917     Art Widner (16 Sep 1917)
1918     Philip Jose Farmer
1918     H. B. Fyfe (30 Sep 1918)
1918     John Rankine (26 Sep 1918)
1918     Theodore Sturgeon
1919     Primo Levi
1919     Frederik Pohl
1920     Richard Adams
1920     Isaac Asimov
1920     Ray Bradbury (22 Aug 1920)
1920     Frank Herbert
1920     Joan North
1920     Jack Speer (9 Aug 1920)
1920     Roy Squires (11 Sep 1920)
1920     William Tenn
1920     Richard Wilson (23 Sep 1920)

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Major Writers Died this Decade
 {to be done}

1912     Bram Stoker
1912     John Jacob Astor (in the Titanic)
1912     Jacques Futrelle (in the Titanic)
1912     W. T. Stead (in the Titanic)
1918     William Hope Hodgson, killed at Ypres, age 40
1919     L. Frank Baum

Return to Top of TIMELINE 1920s page

Hotlinks to other Timeline pages of SF Chronology

|Introduction: Overview and Summary
|Prehistory: Ancient Precursors
|16th Century: Ariosto and Cyrano on the Moon
|17th Century: Literary Dawn
|18th Century: Literary Expansion
|19th Century: Victorian Explosion
|1890-1910: Into Our Century
|1910-1920: The Silver Age {you are HERE}
|1920-1930: The Golden Age
|1930-1940: The Aluminum Age
|1940-1950: The Plutonium Age
|1950-1960: The Threshold of Space
|1960-1970: The New Wave
|1970-1980: The Seventies
|1980-1990: The Eighties
|1990-2000: End of Millennium
|2000-2010: Future Prizewinners

Return to Top of TIMELINE 1920s page

Where to Go for More: 51 Useful Reference Books
Where to Go for More
 51 Useful Reference Books

Beyond the World Wide Web... there is the library of old-fashioned books 
printed on paper.  I strongly recommend that you start or follow-up your 
explorations of this web site by consulting any or all of these outstanding 
sources:
     
ALDISS: "Billion Year Spree: The True History of Science Fiction", Brian W. 
     Aldiss (New York: Doubleday, 1973; Schocken Paperback, 1974)

ALLEN: "Science Fiction Reader's Guide", L. David Allen 
     (Centennial Press, 1974)

AMIS: "New Maps of Hell", Kingsley Amis (London: Gollancz, 1960; 
     New York: Harcourt Brace, 1960)

ASH1: "Who's Who in Science Fiction", by Brian Ash (Taplinger, 1976)

ASH2: "The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction", edited by Brian Ash 
     (Harmony Books, 1977)
   
ASHLEY: "The History of the Science Fiction Magazine" [3 volumes]
     (London: New English Library, 1974)

ASIMOV "Asimov on Science Fiction" (New York: Avon, 1981)

ATHELING: "The Issue at Hand", "William Atheling, Jr." [James Blish]
     (Chicago: Advent, 1964)

BARRON: "Anatomy of Wonder", edited by Neil Barron (Bowker, 1976)

BAXTER: "Science Fiction in the Cinema", John Baxter 
     (London: A. Zwemmer, 1970; New York: A. S. Barnes, 1970)
     
BERGONZI: "The Early H.G. Wells", Bernard Bergonzi 
     (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1961)

BLEILER: "The Checklist of Fantastic Literature" Everett F. Bleiler
     (Chicago: Shasta, 1948)

BRETNOR1: "Modern Science Fiction: Its Meaning and Future", edited by 
     Reginald Bretnor (New York: Coward-McCann, 1953)

BRETNOR2: "The Craft of Science Fiction", Reginald Bretnor 
     (New York: Harper & Row, 1977)

BRINEY: "SF Bibliographies", Robert E. Briney & Edward Wood
     (Chicago: Advent, 1972)

CLARESON1: "SF: The Other Side of Realism", edited by Thomas D. Clareson
     (Gregg Press, 1978)

CLARESON2: "Extrapolation, 1959-1969", edited by Thomas D. Clareson
     (Bowling Green, Ohio: University Popular Press, 1971)

CLARKE: "The Tale of the Future", I. F. Clarke 
     (London: The Library Association, 1961, 1972)

CONTENTO: "Index to the Science Fiction Anthologies and Collections", 
     William Contento G.K. Hall, 1978)

DAY: "Index to the Science Fiction Magazine: 1926-50", Donald B. Day
     (Portland, Oregon: Perri Press, 1952)

DeCAMP: "Science Fiction Handbook", L. Sprague DeCamp
     (New York: Hermitage House, 1953)

ELLIK: "The Universes of E. E. Smith", Ron Ellik & Bill Evans
     (Chicago: Advent, 1966)

EVANS: "The Index of Science Fiction Magazines", Bill Evans with Jack Speer
     (Denver: Robert Peterson, 1946?)

FRANKLIN: "Future Perfect: American Science Fiction of the Nineteenth Century",
     H. Bruce Franklin (New York: Oxford University Press, 1966)

FREWIN: "One Hundred Years of Science Fiction Illustration", Anthony Frewin
     (London: Jupiter Books, 1974)

GOODSTONE: "The Pulps", Tony Goodstone (New York: Chelsea House, 1970)

GUNN: "Alternate Worlds", James Gunn (Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1975)

HARRISON: "John W. Campbell: Collected Editorials from Analog", Harry Harrison
     (Garden City NY: Doubleday, 1966)
     
HOLMBERG: "Science Fiction History", John-Henri Holmberg
     (Vanersborg, Sweden: Askild & Karnekull, 1974)

KNIGHT: "In Search of Wonder", Damon Knight (Chicago: Advent, 1956; enlarged 1967)

KYLE: "A Pictorial History of Science Fiction", David Kyle
     (London: Hamlyn House, 1976)

LOCKE: "Worlds Apart", edited by George Locke (London: Cornmarket Reprints, 1972)

LUNDWALL: "Science Fiction: What It's All About", Sam J. Lundwall 
     (New York: Ace Books, 1971)

METCALF: "The Index of Science Fiction Magazines, 1951-1965", Norm Metcalf 
     (J. Ben Stark, 1968)

MILLIES: "Science Fiction Primer for Teachers", Suzanne Millies
     (Dayton OH: Pflaum, 1975)

MOSKOWITZ#1: "The Immortal Storm", Sam Moskowitz 
     (AFSO Press, 1954; Hyperion Press, 19??)

MOSKOWITZ#2: "Explorers of the Infinite: Shapers of Science Fiction", 
     Sam Moskowitz (Cleveland & New York: World, 1963)

MOSKOWITZ#3: "Seekers of Tomorrow", Sam Moskowitz (Cleveland & New York: World, 1963)

NESFA: "Index to the Science Fiction Magazines", New England Science 
     Fiction Association (Cambridge MA: NESFA, 1971)

PERRY: "The Penguin Book of Comics", George Perry & Alan Aldridge
     (London: Penguin, 1971)
     
ROGERS: "A Requiem for Astounding", Alva Rogers (Chicago: Advent, 1964)

ROTTSTEINER: "The Science Fiction Book", Franz Rottsteiner 
     (London: Thames & Hudson, 1975)

SADOUL: "Hier, L'An 2000 [Illustrations from the Golden Age of Science Fiction]",
     Jaxques Sadoul (Paris: Editions Denoel, 1973)
     
STRAUSS: "The MIT Science Fiction Society's Index to the SF Magazines: 1951-64"
     Erwin S. Strauss (Cambridge MA: MIT Science Fiction Society, 1966)
     
TUCK: "The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy, 2nd Edition", 
     Donald H. Tuck (Hobart, Tasmania: Donald H. Tuck, 1959)

VERSINS: "Encyclopedie des l'utopie, des voyages extraordinaires et de la 
     science fiction", (Lausanne: L'Age d'Homme, 1972)

WAGGONER: "The Hills of Faraway", Diana Waggoner (Athenaeum, 1978)

WARNER: "All Our Yesterdays", Harry Warner, Jr. (Chicago: Advent, 1969)

WELLS: "Fictional Accounts of Trips to the Moon", Lester G. Wells
     (Syracuse NY: Syracuse University Library, 1962)

WILLIAMSON: "H.G. Wells: Critic of Progress", Jack Williamson
     (Baltimore: Mirage Press, 1973)

WOLLHEIM: "The Universe Makers", Donald A. Wollheim
     (New York: Harper & Row, 1971)




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Copyright 1996,1997,1998 by Magic Dragon Multimedia.

All rights reserved Worldwide.  May not be reproduced without permission.  

May be posted electronically provided that it is transmitted unaltered, in its
entirety, and without charge.